Electromagnetic Theory Mock Tests

In electromagnetism, the Lorentz gauge condition on the scalar potential φ and vector potential A is:

The Poynting vector S is defined as (where E is the electric field and B is the magnetic field):

The refractive index of a medium is n = √(εᵣμᵣ). For most transparent materials in the optical range, μᵣ ≈ 1. If the speed of light in a medium is 2 × 10⁸ m/s, the refractive index is approximately:

The Poynting theorem expresses which fundamental conservation law?

The index of refraction n of a medium is related to its relative permittivity εᵣ and relative permeability μᵣ by:

The Biot-Savart law gives the magnetic field dB at position r due to a current element Idl as:

The group velocity v_g of a wave packet is related to the phase velocity v_p by (in a dispersive medium):

The electric potential at a distance r from a point charge q in vacuum is: