Summary Completion Mock Tests

Passage excerpt: "Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are rapidly replacing fossil fuels in many parts of the world. Solar panels convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, while wind turbines harness the kinetic energy of moving air. The cost of solar energy has dropped by approximately 90% over the past decade, making it one of the cheapest sources of new electricity in many regions. Governments worldwide are setting ambitious targets to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by mid-century, driving investment in renewable infrastructure. However, challenges remain: renewable energy is intermittent, meaning the sun does not always shine and the wind does not always blow. Energy storage solutions, such as large-scale batteries, are being developed to address this issue." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | cost | intermittent | constant | batteries | fossil fuels | solar panels | The ______ of solar energy has decreased significantly, making it more competitive with ______. However, renewable energy is ______, requiring energy storage solutions like large-scale ______ to ensure a reliable power supply. a) cost — fossil fuels — intermittent — batteries b) constant — solar panels — cost — batteries c) batteries — intermittent — fossil fuels — cost d) fossil fuels — solar panels — batteries — intermittent

Passage excerpt: "The phenomenon of urban heat islands occurs when cities experience significantly higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas. Concrete, asphalt, and other dark surfaces absorb and retain heat throughout the day, releasing it slowly at night. Vegetation, on the other hand, cools the air through evapotranspiration — the process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere. Cities with extensive tree cover can be up to 5°C cooler than those without green spaces. Urban planners are increasingly incorporating green roofs, vertical gardens, and reflective surfaces into city design to combat rising urban temperatures." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | absorb | release | evapotranspiration | photosynthesis | temperature | humidity | Urban heat islands form because building materials ______ and retain heat. Plants help cool cities through ______, which releases water vapor into the air. a) absorb — evapotranspiration b) release — photosynthesis c) absorb — temperature d) release — humidity

Passage excerpt: "Blockchain technology, originally developed as the underlying system for the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions across multiple computers. The key innovation of blockchain is that it ensures data integrity through cryptographic verification rather than relying on a central authority. Each block of transactions is linked to the previous one through a cryptographic hash, forming a chain that is extremely difficult to alter without detection. This distributed nature makes blockchain particularly suitable for applications requiring transparency and trustlessness, such as supply chain management, where every step of a product's journey can be recorded and verified by all participants without needing a central intermediary." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | authority — integrity — intermediary — verification — centralized — transparency | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------| Blockchain maintains data ______ through cryptographic ______ instead of a central ______. Each block is cryptographically linked to the previous one, making the chain difficult to alter. This distributed system enables ______ in applications like supply chain management, where all participants can verify transactions without a central ______. a) integrity — verification — authority — transparency — intermediary b) authority — verification — integrity — intermediary — transparency c) transparency — authority — verification — integrity — intermediary d) integrity — authority — transparency — verification — intermediary

Passage excerpt: "Thermodynamics, the branch of physics dealing with heat and energy, is governed by four fundamental laws. The zeroth law states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other — this law defines the concept of temperature. The first law, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. The second law introduces the concept of entropy, stating that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time, which explains why heat spontaneously flows from hot to cold objects but never in reverse. The third law states that as a system approaches absolute zero temperature, its entropy approaches a constant minimum." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | destroyed — entropy — temperature — transformed — created — minimum | |------------------------------------------------------------------| The zeroth law defines ______ by establishing that systems in mutual thermal equilibrium share the same value. The first law states that energy cannot be created or ______, only ______ from one form to another. The second law introduces ______, which always increases in isolated systems. The third law states that near absolute zero, entropy approaches a ______ value. a) temperature — destroyed — transformed — entropy — minimum b) temperature — created — transformed — entropy — minimum c) entropy — destroyed — transformed — temperature — minimum d) temperature — destroyed — created — entropy — maximum

Passage excerpt: "The Silk Road was not a single road but a network of trade routes connecting East Asia to the Mediterranean, active from roughly the second century BCE to the 15th century CE. While it is famous for the trade of silk, porcelain, and spices, the Silk Road was equally important for the exchange of ideas, technologies, and diseases. Buddhism travelled from India to China along these routes, transforming Chinese philosophy and culture. Papermaking, invented in China around the second century BCE, spread westward after the Battle of Talas in 751 CE, when Chinese prisoners reportedly taught their Islamic captors the technique. Within a century, paper mills operated in Baghdad and Damascus. Perhaps most significantly, the Silk Road facilitated the spread of infectious diseases. The Black Death, which devastated Europe in the 14th century, is believed to have travelled along these trade routes from Central Asia, killing an estimated 30 to 60 per cent of Europe's population." Complete the summary below using words from the box: religion, weapons, techniques, diseases, currency, textiles. The Silk Road enabled not only trade but also the spread of Buddhism from India to China. Chinese papermaking spread westward after prisoners taught their captors the ______. However, the trade routes also carried deadly ______, including the Black Death, which killed up to 60 per cent of Europe's population. a) textiles — techniques — currency b) religion — techniques — diseases c) textiles — weapons — diseases d) religion — techniques — currency

Passage excerpt: "The James Webb Space Telescope, launched in December 2021, represents the most powerful space observatory ever built. Positioned at the second Lagrange point, approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, Webb operates in infrared wavelengths, allowing it to peer through cosmic dust clouds and observe the formation of the first galaxies after the Big Bang. Its 6.5-meter gold-coated mirror, composed of 18 hexagonal segments, collects more light than any previous space telescope. Scientists expect Webb to revolutionize our understanding of planetary formation, the evolution of galaxies, and the atmospheric composition of exoplanets." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | position | distance | infrared | visible | segments | mirrors | The James Webb Space Telescope is located at the second Lagrange point, a ______ of approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. It operates in ______ wavelengths and its mirror is composed of 18 hexagonal ______. a) distance — visible — mirrors b) position — infrared — segments c) distance — infrared — segments d) position — visible — segments

Passage excerpt: "The search for exoplanets — planets orbiting stars beyond our solar system — has entered a new era. Since the first confirmed exoplanet around a sun-like star was discovered in 1995, astronomers have identified over 5,000 worlds outside our solar system. The Kepler space telescope, launched by NASA in 2009, was the most productive mission in this field, using the transit method to detect planets when they pass in front of their host stars, causing a slight dimming of the star's brightness. This method has revealed that small, rocky planets are common throughout the Milky Way. More recently, the James Webb Space Telescope has begun analysing the atmospheric composition of some exoplanets, detecting molecules such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, and methane — potential biosignatures that could hint at the presence of life." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | discovery | transit | orbit | brightness | mass | temperature | distance | colour | Since 1995, over 5,000 planets have been found around other stars. The Kepler telescope used the ______ method, detecting slight changes in a star's ______ when a planet passed in front of it. The James Webb Space Telescope is now analysing the ______ of exoplanets for molecules that could indicate life.

Passage excerpt: "Bees communicate the location of food sources through a complex dance known as the waggle dance. The direction of the waggle run indicates the angle relative to the sun, while the duration of the waggle phase correlates with the distance to the destination. Other bees interpret these movements to locate the food source. The precision of this communication increases with the quality of the food source — higher nectar concentrations produce more energetic and longer dances." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | direction | distance | speed | angle | duration | temperature | |-----------|-----------|-------|-------|----------|-------------| The waggle dance conveys two key pieces of information: the ______ of the food source relative to the sun, and the ______ to the food source. a) angle — distance b) direction — duration c) direction — distance d) speed — angle