Summary Completion Mock Tests

Passage excerpt: "Renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power, are becoming increasingly important in the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Solar panels convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, while wind turbines capture the kinetic energy of moving air and convert it into electrical power. The cost of renewable energy technologies has fallen dramatically over the past decade, making them competitive with, and in many cases cheaper than, fossil fuels. However, renewable energy faces challenges related to intermittency — the sun does not always shine and the wind does not always blow — which requires the development of energy storage solutions such as advanced batteries to ensure a reliable power supply." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | emissions — kinetic — competitive — intermittency — supply — photovoltaic | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------| Renewable energy is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas ______. Solar panels use ______ cells to convert sunlight, while wind turbines capture ______ energy from moving air. Renewable costs have fallen, making them ______ with fossil fuels. However, ______ requires energy storage to ensure a reliable power ______." a) emissions — photovoltaic — kinetic — competitive — intermittency — supply b) pollution — photovoltaic — kinetic — expensive — intermittency — supply c) emissions — solar — potential — competitive — intermittency — demand d) emissions — photovoltaic — potential — competitive — supply — intermittency

Passage excerpt: "Antibiotics have saved millions of lives since their discovery, but the overuse and misuse of these drugs has led to a global health crisis. Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics through genetic mutations or by acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria. When antibiotics are used unnecessarily — such as for viral infections, against which antibiotics are ineffective — or when courses are not completed, the strongest bacteria survive and multiply. This process of natural selection means that future infections caused by these resistant bacteria are harder to treat, requiring stronger drugs with more side effects. The World Health Organization has identified antibiotic resistance as one of the top three threats to global health." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | mutations | resistance | viruses | survival | weaker | stronger | Bacteria develop antibiotic ______ through genetic ______ or by acquiring genes from other bacteria. When antibiotics are used, the ______ bacteria survive and multiply, making future infections harder to treat. a) resistance — mutations — stronger b) viruses — survival — weaker c) resistance — viruses — stronger d) mutations — resistance — weaker

Passage excerpt: "Blockchain technology, originally developed as the underlying system for the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions across multiple computers. The key innovation of blockchain is that it ensures data integrity through cryptographic verification rather than relying on a central authority. Each block of transactions is linked to the previous one through a cryptographic hash, forming a chain that is extremely difficult to alter without detection. This distributed nature makes blockchain particularly suitable for applications requiring transparency and trustlessness, such as supply chain management, where every step of a product's journey can be recorded and verified by all participants without needing a central intermediary." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | authority — integrity — intermediary — verification — centralized — transparency | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------| Blockchain maintains data ______ through cryptographic ______ instead of a central ______. Each block is cryptographically linked to the previous one, making the chain difficult to alter. This distributed system enables ______ in applications like supply chain management, where all participants can verify transactions without a central ______. a) integrity — verification — authority — transparency — intermediary b) authority — verification — integrity — intermediary — transparency c) transparency — authority — verification — integrity — intermediary d) integrity — authority — transparency — verification — intermediary

Passage excerpt: "Bees communicate the location of food sources through a complex dance known as the waggle dance. The direction of the waggle run indicates the angle relative to the sun, while the duration of the waggle phase correlates with the distance to the destination. Other bees interpret these movements to locate the food source." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | direction | distance | speed | angle | duration | temperature | |-----------|-----------|-------|-------|----------|-------------| The waggle dance conveys two key pieces of information: the ______ of the food source relative to the sun, and the ______ to the food source. a) angle — distance b) direction — duration c) direction — distance d) speed — angle

Passage excerpt: "The James Webb Space Telescope, launched in December 2021, represents the most powerful space observatory ever built. Positioned at the second Lagrange point, approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, Webb operates in infrared wavelengths, allowing it to peer through cosmic dust clouds and observe the formation of the first galaxies after the Big Bang. Its 6.5-meter gold-coated mirror, composed of 18 hexagonal segments, collects more light than any previous space telescope. Scientists expect Webb to revolutionize our understanding of planetary formation, the evolution of galaxies, and the atmospheric composition of exoplanets." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | position | distance | infrared | visible | segments | mirrors | The James Webb Space Telescope is located at the second Lagrange point, a ______ of approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. It operates in ______ wavelengths and its mirror is composed of 18 hexagonal ______. a) distance — visible — mirrors b) position — infrared — segments c) distance — infrared — segments d) position — visible — segments

Passage excerpt: "The search for exoplanets — planets orbiting stars beyond our solar system — has entered a new era. Since the first confirmed exoplanet around a sun-like star was discovered in 1995, astronomers have identified over 5,000 worlds outside our solar system. The Kepler space telescope, launched by NASA in 2009, was the most productive mission in this field, using the transit method to detect planets when they pass in front of their host stars, causing a slight dimming of the star's brightness. This method has revealed that small, rocky planets are common throughout the Milky Way. More recently, the James Webb Space Telescope has begun analysing the atmospheric composition of some exoplanets, detecting molecules such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, and methane — potential biosignatures that could hint at the presence of life." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | discovery | transit | orbit | brightness | mass | temperature | distance | colour | Since 1995, over 5,000 planets have been found around other stars. The Kepler telescope used the ______ method, detecting slight changes in a star's ______ when a planet passed in front of it. The James Webb Space Telescope is now analysing the ______ of exoplanets for molecules that could indicate life.

Passage excerpt: "Bees communicate the location of food sources through a complex dance known as the waggle dance. The direction of the waggle run indicates the angle relative to the sun, while the duration of the waggle phase correlates with the distance to the destination. Other bees interpret these movements to locate the food source. The precision of this communication increases with the quality of the food source — higher nectar concentrations produce more energetic and longer dances." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | direction | distance | speed | angle | duration | temperature | |-----------|-----------|-------|-------|----------|-------------| The waggle dance conveys two key pieces of information: the ______ of the food source relative to the sun, and the ______ to the food source. a) angle — distance b) direction — duration c) direction — distance d) speed — angle

Passage excerpt: "Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in computational capability, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to process information in fundamentally new ways. Unlike classical computers that use bits representing either 0 or 1, quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in a state of superposition — effectively representing both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This property, combined with quantum entanglement, where the state of one qubit is instantly correlated with another regardless of distance, allows quantum computers to perform certain calculations exponentially faster than classical machines. However, building practical quantum computers remains enormously challenging, as qubits are extremely sensitive to environmental interference, a problem known as decoherence." Complete the summary below using words from the box. | superposition | classical | entanglement | interference | bits | |-------------|-----------|--------------|--------------|------| Quantum computers differ from ______ computers because qubits can exist in ______, representing both 0 and 1 at once. The phenomenon of ______ links qubits together, but environmental ______ threatens their stability. a) classical — superposition — entanglement — interference b) quantum — entanglement — classical — bits c) classical — bits — superposition — interference d) quantum — superposition — entanglement — bits